DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND COMPUTATIONAL APPLICATION FOR CARDIOVASCULAR MODELLING

Abstract

Mathematical modelling of the cardiovascular system is an important tool for understanding blood circulation, predicting disease progression, and improving clinical decision-making. The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood, and a complex network of blood vessels that transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and metabolic waste. Because direct measurement of every pressure, flow, and wall-stress variable in the human body is difficult, mathematical models provide a useful way to simulate cardiovascular function under normal and pathological conditions. This article reviews the main approaches used in cardiovascular and blood-vessel modelling, including zero-dimensional lumped-parameter models, one-dimensional pulse-wave models, three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics, and fluid–structure interaction models. It also discusses major equations, assumptions, applications, limitations, and future directions of cardiovascular modelling.