CHALLENGES IN ADOPTING MODERN MILITARY TECHNOLOGIES IN CHINA INDIA RUSSIA AND NATO

Abstract

This paper examines the difficulties of introducing artificial intelligence, unmanned systems and related digital tools into military organisations. It compares selected open publications on China, India, Russia and NATO, focusing on technical capacity, organisational change, strategic competition and responsibility for decisions. The comparison suggests that access to technology is only one part of the problem. Institutions also need trained personnel, dependable data, testing procedures and clear rules for human oversight. The cases draw attention to different pressures, including the integration of research into military practice, dependence on external suppliers and cooperation across national systems. These findings support a gradual approach to adoption, with evaluation and staff training built into each stage. The paper offers a qualitative comparison of published analysis and policy priorities; it does not measure battlefield performance or rank the four cases.