THE ROLE OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF HUMAN DISEASES

Abstract

Oxidative stress (OS) is defined as an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and the capacity of antioxidant defense systems to neutralize them. This imbalance causes cellular and tissue damage that plays a crucial role in the development of numerous diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative syndromes, and cancer. In recent decades, oxidative stress has attracted significant attention as a unifying mechanism of disease pathogenesis. This article reviews the sources of oxidative stress, its biological effects, the involvement in major human diseases, and potential therapeutic approaches.