VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

Abstract

Vitamin D deficiency is a widespread health issue among preschool children, particularly in regions with limited sunlight exposure, inadequate dietary intake, and insufficient supplementation practices. Beyond its well-established role in calcium metabolism and bone development, vitamin D is increasingly recognized as a critical regulator of the immune system. This article explores the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and immune function in preschool-aged children, emphasizing its effects on susceptibility to infections, immune modulation, and overall health outcomes. Deficiency in vitamin D has been linked to increased risk of respiratory infections, impaired innate and adaptive immune responses, and chronic inflammatory conditions. The article also discusses contributing factors, clinical manifestations, and preventive strategies to address this deficiency and improve child health.