GLOBALIZATION PROCESSES AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: SECURITY MECHANISMS, ACTORS, AND THE RISE OF CORPORATE DIPLOMACY

Abstract

In the contemporary era, globalization has turned international relations into a dense macro-system of political, economic, cultural, and technological interdependence. This article examines how global and regional dynamics reshape international politics and security: the growing overlap of global governance with regionalization; the persistence of the sovereign state alongside the increasing influence of non-state actors; and the transformation of diplomacy through new institutions and practices, including corporate diplomacy. Conceptually, the analysis links globalization to key theoretical traditions in international relations—political realism and political idealism—and shows how security thinking has expanded from classical balance-of-power logic to collective security, collective defense, and cooperative security models. Particular attention is given to the evolving meaning of sovereignty under pressures from supranational integration, contested recognition practices, and humanitarian norms. Finally, the article outlines modern security mechanisms and highlights “security community” approaches (Deutsch) and regional security frameworks (Buzan and others) as tools for understanding why some regions institutionalize stable cooperation while others reproduce persistent insecurity. The conclusions emphasize that effective international security requires multi-level governance: national resilience, regional coordination, and legitimate global institutions.