AIR POLLUTION IN UZBEKISTAN.

Abstract

Air pollution is one of the most pressing environmental and public health challenges in Uzbekistan, driven by industrial emissions, transport-related pollution, household fuel use, and dust from the Aral Sea region. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the sources, major pollutants, and multidimensional impacts of air pollution, including health risks, environmental degradation, and economic costs. Data were collected from government reports, international organizations, and scientific literature, and were analyzed using statistical techniques and regional case studies focusing on Tashkent, industrial cities, and the Aral Sea region. The findings indicate that particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and ground-level ozone exceed national and international safety standards, posing significant risks to human health, ecosystems, and agricultural productivity. The study also evaluates existing government policies, green energy initiatives, public transport modernization, and public awareness campaigns, highlighting gaps and opportunities for improvement. Recommendations include expanding renewable energy, adopting cleaner industrial technologies, strengthening law enforcement, and promoting international cooperation to achieve sustainable air quality management. The article underscores the urgent need for integrated policy interventions and public engagement to mitigate air pollution and ensure long-term environmental and public health sustainability in Uzbekistan.