EFFICIENT USE OF WATER RESOURCES IN URBAN AREAS: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS
Keywords:
urbanization, water resources, population growth, water conservation, sustainability, water pollution, over-extraction, water scarcity, climate change, rainwater harvesting, ecological balance, water recycling, green infrastructure.Abstract
Rapid population growth and urbanization have intensified the pressure on water resources, particularly in regions experiencing high migration from rural to urban areas. This shift is driven by economic factors, with people moving cities in search of better job opportunities. However, this increased urban population demands more water, making efficient water resource management a crucial component of sustainable urban development. Key challenges affecting water sustainability include pollution, over-extraction, climate change, and habitat destruction. Pollution from industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and sewage significantly degrades water quality, posing risks to both human health and ecosystems. Over-extraction due to agricultural, industrial, and domestic needs depletes groundwater reserves and reduces river flows. Climate change further complicates water management by increasing droughts and floods, and impacting water availability. Additionally, urban expansion often leads to habitat destruction. To address these challenges, cities must adopt efficient use of water strategies. Public education and community engagement are vital in prompting water conservation through awareness campaigns, school programs, and incentives for reduced water use.
